The newest OLS estimates into the subsample have line to the full take to prices displayed inside Desk dos

We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing D_ij (B_ij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.

Table 4 Association between dowry/bride speed (paid off from the into the-legislation of sisters, others regarding town and you will area) and you can wife’s reputation on marital household (OLS)

cuatro.step three Discussion and you will robustness inspections

When you look at the choosing the brand new ladies standing from the relationship house, the result of one’s net dowry (dowry without bride-to-be rates) get matter. Keep in mind that the degree of deferred mehr is included individually of the web dowry due to the fact former is never reduced except if separation and divorce takes place and cannot be considered assets brought on the marriage. The outcome suggest that brand new possessions put on the ount) augment their own decision-to make fuel and you may freedom. These types of positive contacts aren’t shocking while the the new connectivity from bride-to-be rates paid down during matrimony work with restrict to those of dowry in the main estimations.

Possibly, an increased age otherwise studies difference you will damage the latest wife’s updates from the marital household. As well as many years improvement in addition to studies differences (replacing the husband’s ages and you may degree) will not change the main consequences, and coefficients of those details commonly extreme (Appendix Table 9, Panel B).

This new estimation procedure are regular from the substitution dowry and fiance rate having net dowry (Appendix Desk 9, Panel A beneficial)

You to definitely you will argue that the amount of decades while the matrimony is important because the outcome from dowry (or bride rate) was greater following matrimony. Including decades once the ount from dowry (substitution female’s many years at marriage) magnifies the bottom effect of dowry in the ladies freedom but decrease their magnitude while the relevance level within the ladies decision-making (Appendix Table nine, Committee C). Meaning you to definitely a larger dowry escalates the wife’s flexibility into the the brand new marital family just after relationships; but not, new relationship isn’t significantly influenced by brand new passage of years since the relationships.

No way of measuring gender ideology is roofed however estimation due to endogeneity questions. You to definitely you will believe introduction of such procedures may undermine the fresh new connection anywhere between dowry and ladies updates regarding the relationship home. Although we you should never reject the possibility that preferences and you can ideological beliefs in regards to the gender relationships aren’t intrinsic and alter along the relationship lifetime, new estimate process is frequent from the plus a couple of actions to own child preference: the initial adjustable translates to that in the event that wife’s most useful number of sons is greater than regarding daughters additionally the next translates to you to definitely if spouse wants to bring higher education to help you sons instead of to help you daughters. Managing to have gender ideology doesn’t substantially impact the head quote performance (Appendix Table 9, Panel D). Amazingly, ladies‘ decision-making is actually definitely regarding the young man liking. not, it is negatively of the liking getting providing advanced schooling so you can sons as compared with daughters. A prospective translation is the fact extremely experienced women can be facing https://kissbrides.com/colombian-brides/ gender inequality in the knowledge and be far more motivated on marital household but choose which have far more sons than just daughters. It looks consistent with particular current degree proving you to child preference is more prevalent certainly extremely knowledgeable women as opposed to ignorant feminine within the Southern Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you may Preston 1991).